Please don’t let your dog get fat, joints will be overloaded and it has been shown to metabolically induce inflammation.

Dogs need to move to develop strong bones and soft tissues so avoid long periods confined in crates. Puppies strengthen by playing and moving but too much repetitive exercise, incorrect diet or overfeeding can lead to developmental problems.

For older dogs consider a joint supplement and try and keep exercise levels constant throughout the week.

Avoid repetitive ball throwing.

When on lead, swap the side your dog walks on.

Keep your dog’s nails trimmed. Long nails alter how they move.

Slippery floors increase the stress on joints so consider putting down rugs.

Make sure your dog’s bed is well padded and they cannot feel the hard floor underneath.

Stroking and massage relaxes soft tissue and has been shown to increase the development of young animals, reduce pain and have a psychological benefit.